Root Hair

The epidermal cells present in the region of maturation of the root are responsible for the growth of root hair. A single root epidermal cell is roughly rectangular with a cytoplasmic extension on its lateral end. These long, tubular outgrowths are called root hair.

Like any other plant cell, it is bound by a cell wall and a semi-permeable cell membrane. It also possesses a large central vacuole and mitochondria lying on the cytoplasm. The mitochondria supply the required energy during the active transport of minerals and ions, i.e., taking up ions against the concentration gradient. Being a living cell, it contains a nucleus, which gets pushed to the corner by the vacuole.

Main function

The primary function of root hair is water and nutrient acquisition. These minute structures provide a large surface area for the active uptake of water and minerals.

Other functions

Some other roles of root hair include:

• Anchor the plant to the ground.
• Interact with soil microorganisms, including bacteria and fungi.
• Directly involved in the formation of root nodules in legume plants.
• Secrete some acids, such as malic and citric acid, which solubilize minerals by changing their oxidation state, making the ions easier to absorb.